花生学报

花生收获后不及时脱水，极易受到霜冻危害，进而影响品质。本研究以29个高油酸花生品种(系)和2个普通品种为材料，收获花生拔出地面后在田间晾晒，测定荚果含水量，研究不同品种间荚果脱水速率的差异，分析脱水速率与气象因子及花生荚果性状之间的关系。结果表明，不同品种花生脱水速率存在差异，脱水速率在(2.07%～6.29%)/d之间，通过聚类分析，在平方欧氏距离为7时将31个品种分为4类：脱水极快6.29%/d,脱水快(4.31%～4.79%)/d,脱水中等(3.41%～4.12%)/d,脱水慢(2.07%～3.16%)/d。花生荚果脱水速率与研究的大部分气象因子显著相关，根据逐步分析和通径分析，日最低温度、平均湿度和日最低地温是影响荚果脱水速率的主要气象因子，呈显著负相关。荚果性状方面，荚果脱水速率与花生百果质量和百仁质量显著正相关。研究表明，荚果综合性状较好且脱水速率较快的高油酸花生品种(系)有21NC20、冀花136、冀花2912和15H109。

If not promptly dried after harvest, peanuts are highly susceptible to frost damage, which leading to negative effects on their quality. 29 high oleic acid and 2 conventional peanut varieties(lines) were used as material in this study. Peanut pods were harvested and sun-dried in the field, with moisture content measured to investigate the variations in pod dehydration rates among different varieties. The relationship between dehydration rates and meteorological factors as well as fruit traits of peanuts was analyzed. Results indicated that the dehydration rates varied among peanut varieties as ranging from 2.07%/d to 6.29%/d. Cluster analysis at a squared Euclidean distance of 7 divided the 31 varieties into four categories: extremely fast dehydration as 6.29%/d, fast dehydration as(4.31%-4.79%)/d, moderate dehydration as(3.41%-4.12%)/d, and slow dehydration as(2.07%-3.16%)/d. The dehydration rate of peanut pods was significantly correlated with most of the studied meteorological factors. Based on stepwise regression and path analysis, the daily minimum temperature, average humidity, and the daily minimum soil temperature were identified as the primary meteorological factors influencing the pod dehydration rate, exhibiting significant negative correlations. The pod dehydration rate showed a significant positive correlation with both 100-pod mass and 100-kernel mass. Research indicated that peanut varieties(lines) with good comprehensive fruit traits and rapid dehydration rate include 21NC20, Jihua136, Jihua2912 and 15H109.