花生学报

为进一步优化花生生产布局，明确区域花生产业发展特征，本研究运用区域比较优势、空间基尼系数、地理集中度、成本收益分析等方法对2005-2022年辽宁省花生生产格局变化特征及其影响因素进行综合分析。研究表明，2005-2022年期间，辽宁省花生种植面积与总产量显著增长，分别提高1.2倍和2.5倍，花生在本地油料作物中占核心地位，但单产稳定性不足且始终低于全国平均水平；辽宁省花生生产规模优势产区呈阶段性演变，2016年后稳定于阜新、锦州、葫芦岛等地；效率优势有待提升；综合优势逐步向葫芦岛集聚。研究发现，在空间格局方面，辽宁省花生生产长期保持高度的地理集聚特征，辽西及辽西北的自然条件是格局演变的核心驱动因素；辽宁省花生生产与粮食作物存在资源竞争，人工投入少带来的“低成本”优势凸显，但价格波动更大且近年市场竞争力减弱；辽宁省花生生产成本利润率高于本省粳稻与玉米，构成了扩种花生的经济动力。

In order to optimize the spatial layout of peanut production and clarify the regional characteristics of the peanut industry in Liaoning of China, the regional comparative advantage analysis, spatial Gini coefficient, geographical concentration index, and cost-benefit analysis were applied in this study to investigate the peanut production. The changes in production patterns from 2005 to 2022 were analyzed and the key driving factors were identified. The results showed that during this period, the peanut planting area and total output in Liaoning increased significantly by 1.2 and 2.5 times, respectively. Peanut has become the core oil crop in the province. However, yield stability remains insufficient and consistently lags behind the national average. Regions with a scale advantage in peanut production evolved in stages, since 2016, have been concentrated in Fuxin, Jinzhou, and Huludao. Efficiency advantages require further improvement, while overall advantages have gradually concentrated in Huludao. In terms of spatial patterns, peanut production in Liaoning has been chronically exhibiting a high degree of geographic concentration. The natural conditions of western and northwestern Liaoning are the primary drivers of this spatial evolution. Peanut production also competes with grain crops for resources. Although low labor input provides a low-cost advantage, peanut faced greater price volatility and declining market competitiveness in recent years. Nevertheless, the profit margin of peanut production remains higher than that of japonica rice and maize in Liaoning, providing strong economic incentives for continued peanut expansion.