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花生的熟性性状在进一步挖掘我国高海拔、高纬度区域花生扩种潜力中发挥着无可替代的生产价值，其遗传机制解析对于深化花生熟性遗传改良具有重要意义。本研究以早熟品种黔花生五号与晚熟品种关岭花生两个亲本及其杂交构建的包含167个家系的F5重组自交系(RIL)群体为研究材料，调查记载播种至始花天数、播种至成熟天数及始花至成熟天数等熟性性状表型值，利用描述性统计、相关性分析及主基因+多基因混合遗传模型等方法分析性状表型变异、性状间相互关系以及性状遗传规律。相关性分析结果显示，播种至始花天数与始花至成熟天数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.688),表明开花晚的植株经历了较短的荚果充实和成熟阶段。主基因+多基因遗传模型分析结果表明，播种至始花天数的最优模型为4MG-AI(4对主基因加性-上位性),主基因遗传率为73.05%;播种至成熟天数的最优模型为2MG-AI(2对主基因加性-上位性),主基因遗传率为64.65%;始花至成熟天数的最优模型为2MG-EA(2对主基因等加性),主基因遗传率为64.97%,以上性状的表达均在不同程度上受到了环境因素的影响。本研究初步探明了熟性性状的相互关系及遗传规律，为今后开展花生熟性性状改良与遗传解析提供了重要理论依据。
Abstract：The maturity of peanuts plays an irreplaceable role in further exploring the potential for expanding peanut cultivation in high-altitude and high-latitude regions of China. Therefore, deciphering its genetic mechanism is crucial for advancing genetic improvement in peanut maturity. This study utilized two parental varieties along with a constructed recombinant inbred line(RIL) population consisting of 167 F5 lines derived from their hybridization as research materials. Phenotypic values of maturity traits, including days from sowing to first flowering(DSF), days from sowing to maturity(DSM), and days from first flowering to maturity(DFM), were investigated and recorded. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a major gene + polygene mixed genetic model were employed to analyze the phenotypic variation, correlations, and inheritance patterns. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between DSF and DFM(r =-0.688), indicating that later-flowering plants experienced shorter pod-filling and maturation phases, potentially influenced by flowering timing and environmental factors. The optimal genetic models identified through major gene + polygene analysis reflected that 4MG-AI(four major genes with additive-epistatic effects) model was suitable for DSF, with a major gene heritability of 73.05%. 2MG-AI(two major genes with additive-epistatic effects) model was suitable for DSM, with a major gene heritability of 64.65%. 2MG-EA(two major genes with equal-additive effects) model was suitable for DFM, with a major gene heritability of 64.97%. The above three maturity traits are influenced by environmental factors to varying degrees. This study preliminarily elucidates the relationships and genetic patterns of maturity traits, provides a critical theoretical foundation for future genetic improvement and analysis of peanut maturity.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14001/j.issn.1002-4093.2025.04.002
中图分类号:S565.2
引用信息:
[1]吴炫漫,吕建伟,成良强,等.花生熟性性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型分析[J].花生学报,2025,54(04):368-373.DOI:10.14001/j.issn.1002-4093.2025.04.002.
基金信息:
贵州省科技计划基础研究(科学技术基金)(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般290); 贵州省农科院青年基金(黔农科青年基金[2023]12号和[2022]22号); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1601711,2022YFD1100303); 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13); 黔农科种质资源[2023]16号
2025-09-29
2025-09-29
2025-09-29